Effect of polymer nanoparticles on atherosclerotic lesions and the associated mechanisms: a review / 生物工程学报

Polymer nanoparticles generally refer to hydrophobic polymers-based nanoparticles, which have been extensively studied in the nanomedicine field due to their good biocompatibility, efficient long-circulation characteristics, and superior metabolic discharge patterns over other nanoparticles. Existing studies have proved that polymer nanoparticles possess unique advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and have been transformed from basic researches to clinical applications, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the inflammatory reaction induced by polymer nanoparticles would induce the formation of foam cells and autophagy of macrophages. In addition, the variations in the mechanical microenvironment of cardiovascular diseases may cause the enrichment of polymer nanoparticles. These could possibly promote the occurrence and development of AS. Herein, this review summarized the recent application of polymer nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of AS, as well as the relationship between polymer nanoparticles and AS and the associated mechanism, with the aim to facilitate the development of novel nanodrugs for the treatment of AS.

Analysis of 41 cases of primary hypervascular non-small cell lung cancer treated with embolization of emulsion of chemotherapeutics and iodized oil / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>Transcatheter arterial chemotherapy and embolization is the main method in the treatment of lung cancer, but most of the reports do not study individually to small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), hypovascular and hypervascular lung cancer. The pre-embolization perfusion of hemotherapeutics is still being used routinely and seldom report to iodized oil embolization. The article summarized the quality of life after the treatment, clinical efficiency, survival time and complications to evaluate the clinical effect of primary hypervascular NSCLC treated with embolization of emulsion of chemotherapeutics and iodized oil.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study totally analyzed 41 cases which confirmed by pathology and follow up study from January, 2008 to January 2009. The CT scan with IV contrast demonstrates over moderate enhanced lesion which indicate hypervascular. Within the 41 cases, 23 cases of central, 18 cases of peripheral. Suqamous carcinoma 21 cases, adenocarcinoma 15 cases and squamoadenocarcinoma 5 cases. Stage IIIb 34 cases, stage IV 7 cases. Superselective incubation with microcatheter under DSA, to embolize the capillary bed with liquefied iodized oil and the emulsion of pharmorubicin, to embolize the supply artery of the tumor with gelatin foam microparticle. The liquefied iodized oil 5 mL-10 mL, pharmorubicin 10 mg-30 mg. The longest follow up is 12 months and to compare with the references of 2007-2009.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The KPS is widely acclaimed after the treatment (P < 0.05), no complete response (CR), 31 cases of partial response (PR), 7 cases of no change (NC) and 3 cases of progressive disease (PD), the total efficiency (CR+PR) is 75.6%. The clinical efficiency (CR+PR+NC) is 92.68%. 33 cases of total survival tome over 12 months (80.48%), IIIb stage 29/34 (85.29%), IV stage 4/7 (57.14%). 1 case with severe complication-spinal injury.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>To treat primary hypervascular NSCLC with simple embolization of emulsion of chemotherapeutics and iodized oil is very useful and can avoid the side effect of chemotherapeutics. The key point to avoid spinal injury and other severe complications is to distinguish the spinal aretery and intratumor AV fistula by using superselective incubation with microcatheter under DSA.</p>

TACE with Ar-He cryosurgery combined minimal invasive technique for the treatment of primary NSCLC in 139 cases / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>TACE, Ar-He target cryosurgery and radioactive seeds implantation are the mainly micro-invasive methods in the treatment of lung cancer. This article summarizes the survival quality after treatment, the clinical efficiency and survival period, and analyzes the advantages and shortcomings of each methods so as to evaluate the clinical effect of non-small cell lung cancer with multiple minimally invasive treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All the 139 cases were non-small cell lung cancer patients confirmed by pathology and with follow up from July 2006 to July 2009 retrospectively, and all of them lost operative chance by comprehensive evaluation. Different combination of multiple minimally invasive treatments were selected according to the blood supply, size and location of the lesion. Among the 139 cases, 102 cases of primary and 37 cases of metastasis to mediastinum, lung and chest wall, 71 cases of abundant blood supply used the combination of superselective target artery chemotherapy, Ar-He target cryoablation and radiochemotherapy with seeds implantation; 48 cases of poor blood supply use single Ar-He target cryoablation; 20 cases of poor blood supply use the combination of Ar-He target cryoablation and radiochemotheraoy with seeds implantation. And then the pre- and post-treatment KPS score, imaging data and the result of follow up were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The KPS score increased 20.01 meanly after the treatment. Follow up 3 years, 44 cases of CR, 87 cases of PR, 3 cases of NC and 5 cases of PD, and the efficiencywas 94.2%. Ninety-nine cases of 1 year survival (71.2%), 43 cases of 2 years survival (30.2%), 4 cases with over 3 years survival and the median survival was 19 months. Average survival was (16 +/- 1.5) months. There was no severe complications, such as spinal cord injury, vessel and pericardial aspiration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Minimally invasive technique is a highly successful, micro-invasive and effective method with mild complications. To non-small cell lung cancer, we can improve the middle and long term clinical effect by using the different combination of multiple minimally invasive treatments according to the patient's condition.</p>

Argon plasma coagulation combined with bifurcated metal stents for treatment of airway stenosis in the carinal region A 16-case analysis / 中国组织工程研究

A total of 16 patients with airway stenosis including benign lesion (n=4) and malignant disease (n=12) were treated with argon plasma coagulation (APC) and Z-type covered retrievable metallic stent.L-and I-type stents were placed by guidance of brenchoscope,while Y-type stent was placed by the guidance of both bronchoscope and fluoroscope.Airway stenosis was from (58.8 +9.1)% before APC to (7.5±2.4)% after APC in tracheal,from (67.4±7.4)% to (19.4±4.1)% in left main bronchus,from (69.6±8.9)% to (27.6±5.4)% in right main bronchus.Symptoms of chest distress and breathlessness were improved remarkably,tachypnea indexes were decreased,but Kamofsky performance scope were increased.Twelve stents were successfully installed by the first time,including 9 Y-shape;otherwise,4 stents failed to be installed because the carinal was too wide to insert the Y-shape stent in two patients with lung cancer,finally,L+I type stents were used.Median survival time after successful stenting was 10 months,and mean time was 13 months.APC combined with bifurcated metal stants relieved obstruction and improved quality of life.